Aim The rediscovery of De Medicina by Cornelius Celsus during the Renaissance marked a pivotal moment in the preservation and advancement of medical knowledge, including early contributions to ENT surgery. Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455), the first Renaissance pope and a scholar dedicated to reviving classical learning, played an instrumental role in unearthing medical and viticultural knowledge that shapes the way we live today. This presentation explores how Pope Nicholas V’s efforts led to the reintroduction of Aurelius Celsus' insights into ENT conditions and treatments, emphasising the text's significance in shaping modern otolaryngology. Method Peer-reviewed and grey literature regarding the rediscovery of De Medicina by Cornelius Celsus during the Renaissance and Pope Nicholas V’s role in this is analysed. Results In the mid-15th century, as part of a broader mission to recover classical texts, Nicholas V commissioned scholars to search monasteries and libraries across Europe for lost viticultural and medical works. During this initiative, De Medicina was found and brought to Rome, Celsus, a Roman scholar from the 1st century AD, authored De Medicina, a comprehensive medical text including some of the earliest descriptions and treatments for ENT conditions, such as nasal polyposis, tonsillectomy, and emergency management of airway obstruction. These contributions would have remained obscure had De Medicina not been rediscovered and disseminated under Nicholas V’s patronage. Conclusion The recovery of De Medicina had far-reaching implications for Renaissance medicine and early otolaryngology. Its insights into ENT treatments influenced medical education and practice, marking a shift from medieval medical traditions toward a revival of systematic and empirical approaches. By reintroducing Celsus' work, Nicholas V contributed to a foundation upon which modern otolaryngology could evolve.